Migrations Laravel 5.8

Question

A mistake is happening when I’m going to make Migration one for many. The goal is to make a customer will have many phones and a phone will belong only to one customer. In the code below you can see that the cliente_id references the table id field.

    Schema::create('telefones', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->integer('cliente_id')->unsigned();
        $table->timestamps();
    });

    Schema::create('telefones', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->foreign('cliente_id')->references('id')->on('clientes');
    });
}

But when will I execute the command php artisan migrate it creates the table only it does not have the foreign key and gives the following error:

PS C:\projetos\appteste> php artisan migrate
Migrating: 2019_07_28_221050_cria__tabela__telefones

   Illuminate\Database\QueryException  : SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL
syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') default character set utf8mb4 collate 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'' at line 1 (SQL: create table `telefones` () default character set utf8mb4 collate 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci')

  at C:\projetos\appteste\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:664
    660|         // If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
    661|         // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
    662|         // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
    663|         catch (Exception $e) {
  > 664|             throw new QueryException(
    665|                 $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
    666|             );
    667|         }
    668|

  Exception trace:

  1   Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOException::("SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') default character
set utf8mb4 collate 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'' at line 1")
      C:\projetos\appteste\vendor\doctrine\dbal\lib\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection.php:63

  2   PDOException::("SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ') default character set utf8mb4 collate 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci'' at line 1")
      C:\projetos\appteste\vendor\doctrine\dbal\lib\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection.php:61

Answer 1

You may not use the Schema::create twice for the same table. To add the foreign key you can use the same scope of the first create or use the Schema::table to make the changes.

Schema::create('telefones', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->increments('id');
    $table->unsignedInteger('cliente_id');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::table('telefones', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->foreign('cliente_id')->references('id')->on('clientes');
});

You can change the two methods integer and unsigned - that work perfectly - to unsignedInteger which has the same result.