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In Node.js environment when we fetch modules from NPM suffixes can be used to specify versions.
For example, in the package.json I often see:
"dependencies": {
"async": "~1.4.2",
"express": "^4.13.3",
What are these suffixes ^, ~, and how to use?
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Here is a list for those who need it, and based on the assumption that the versions indicated comply with the versioning standard SEMVER*:
I’ll use 1.2.3 only as example version
~1.2.3 "rough version". Will keep the version minor, or only allows changes in the last versioning parameter. That is: 1.2 and >=3 in the last parameter.^1.2.3 "compatible with" Will accept change of smaller versions, but does not allow new versions (first parameter). Ie: 1 and >=2.>=3 in the last parameters.1.2.3 Exact version.>1.2.3 Greater than...>=1.2.3 Greater or equal...<1.2.3 Less than...<=1.2.3 Smaller or equal...1.2.x 1.2.0, 1.2.1, etc., but not 1.3.0. (almost similar to ~1.2.3)http://url.com/tarball Passing a url it is possible to install a tarball, for example Github for cases where the package/software is not published in NPM. For example Github would be something like: https://github.com/contaGithub/nomeProjeto/tarball/master* wildcard, accepts any version.* - SEMVER is a versioning model, to make it easier to predict whether the changes between versions of a software are large, small or just fixes. The SEMVER model consists of three numerical parts which are/represent respectively changes to the software of character:
maior,menor,correção.
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