Doubt about hierarchical relationships between classes and slots

Question

I’m trying to make a ontology of a hospital and I have the classes:

Physiotherapist, Physician, Psychologist and Nutritionist

Within the class Médico, I have some specialties - among them:

Oncology

How do I say a patient has cancer when treated by a doctor Oncologia?

I intend to generalize the answer to other relationships between specialties.

Answer 1

To infer that

"Every patient who is treated by an oncologist has cancer"

you can create, using Protégé, a class Paciente_com_Cancer and define it as being equivalent to (Equivalent To):

Patient and (eh_patiente_do_medico some Medico_oncologist)

Thus, an individual p of ontology will belong to the class Paciente_com_Cancer if:

• p belong to the class Paciente; and
• p own the property eh_paciente_do_medico with an individual m; and
• m belong to the class Medico_Oncologista

To improve ontology, we can make one more inference associating the patient p the name of the disease cancer:

1. create a property tem_doenca
2. create the instance cancer class-owned Doença

3. create a rule using the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL):

   Patient_com_cancer(? p) -> tem_disease(? p, cancer)

   Translating... if p belong to the class Paciente_com_Cancer, then p tem_doenca cancer.

At the end of the answer is the OWL ontology code that I made using Protégé. I put the ontology here also, if you want to download it. I ran the Pellet Reasoner (algorithm that uses logic to find inferences) and the inferences worked!

To test ontology, I created the following facts:

Andre is a Medico_oncologist.

cancer is a disease.

John is a Patient.

John is the doctor’s patient

From this information and from the classes and properties we modeled earlier, the Reasoner algorithm correctly inferred the following:

John is a Patient with cancer.

Joao tem_disease cancer.

Ontology OWL

Prefix(:=<http://www.example.com/hospital#>)
Prefix(owl:=<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>)
Prefix(rdf:=<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>)
Prefix(xml:=<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>)
Prefix(xsd:=<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>)
Prefix(rdfs:=<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>)


Ontology(<http://www.example.com/hospital>

### As Classes ###

Declaration(Class(:Doenca))
Declaration(Class(:Fisioterapeuta))
Declaration(Class(:Medico))
Declaration(Class(:Medico_Oncologista))
Declaration(Class(:Nutricionista))
Declaration(Class(:Paciente))
Declaration(Class(:Paciente_com_Cancer))
Declaration(Class(:Profissionais))
Declaration(Class(:Psicologo))

### As Propriedades ###

Declaration(ObjectProperty(:eh_paciente_do_medico))
Declaration(ObjectProperty(:tem_doenca))
Declaration(ObjectProperty(:tem_paciente))

### Alguns indivíduos (instâncias das Classes) ###

Declaration(NamedIndividual(:andre))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(:cancer))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(:joao))

### Relações entre as Classes ###

SubClassOf(:Fisioterapeuta :Profissionais)
SubClassOf(:Medico :Profissionais)      # Medico é uma subclasse de Profissionais
SubClassOf(:Medico_Oncologista :Medico)
SubClassOf(:Nutricionista :Profissionais)

# Paciente_com_Cancer = Paciente E eh_paciente_do_medico Medico_Oncologista 
EquivalentClasses(:Paciente_com_Cancer ObjectIntersectionOf(ObjectSomeValuesFrom(:eh_paciente_do_medico :Medico_Oncologista) :Paciente))

SubClassOf(:Paciente_com_Cancer :Paciente)
SubClassOf(:Psicologo :Profissionais)
InverseObjectProperties(:tem_paciente :eh_paciente_do_medico)
ClassAssertion(:Medico_Oncologista :andre)  # andre é um Medico_Oncologista
ClassAssertion(:Doenca :cancer)             # cancer é uma Doenca
ClassAssertion(:Paciente :joao)             # joao é um Paciente
ObjectPropertyAssertion(:eh_paciente_do_medico :joao :andre)    #joao é paciente do medico andre

### Regras ###

# Regra em SWRL: Paciente_com_Cancer(?x) -> tem_doenca(?x, cancer)
# Se fulano pertencer à classe Paciente_com_Cancer, então podemos inferir que: fulano tem_doenca cancer 
DLSafeRule(Body(ClassAtom(:Paciente_com_Cancer Variable(<urn:swrl#x>)))Head(    ObjectPropertyAtom(:tem_doenca Variable(<urn:swrl#x>) :cancer)))

)