How can I simplify these two functions?

Question

This code sums the columns and rows of a matrix separately. I created these two functions to do this and I need to simplify my code by transforming them into one. Note that the only thing that changes is matriz[j][i] for matriz[i][j]. There is a way to call only one function by changing only the parameter?

def somar_linhas():
    soma = 0
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(4):
            soma = soma + matriz[i][j]
        print(f"A soma da linha {i + 1} é {soma}")
        soma = 0


def somar_colunas():
    soma = 0
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(4):
            soma = soma + matriz[j][i]
        print(f"A soma da coluna {i + 1} é {soma}")
        soma = 0


matriz = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12,], [13, 14, 15, 16]]

somar_linhas()
print()
somar_colunas()

Answer 1

It is possible to simplify and unite its functions with the use of a conditional operator:

expressão1 "if" condição "else" expressão2

It works by testing the logical value of condição and case:

• condição == True conditional operator returns expressão1.
• condição == False conditional operator returns expressão2.

Some changes are also welcome as the statement of the sum variable directly in its application scope and the use of a increased assignment statement +=

def somar4x4(linhas=False):    
    for i in range(4):
        soma = 0
        for j in range(4):
            soma += matriz[i][j] if linhas else matriz[j][i]
        print(f"A soma da {'linha' if linhas else 'coluna'} {i + 1} é {soma}")

matriz = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12,], [13, 14, 15, 16]]

somar4x4(linhas=True)
somar4x4(linhas=False)

^{Test the code on Repli.it}

As it once was commented prefer to pass the matrix as a function parameter, because this way you make your code become reusable:

def somar4x4(m, linhas=False):    
    for i in range(4):
        soma = 0
        for j in range(4):
            soma += m[i][j] if linhas else m[j][i]
        print(f"A soma da {'linha' if linhas else 'coluna'} {i + 1} é {soma}")

matriz = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12,], [13, 14, 15, 16]]

somar4x4(matriz, linhas=True)
somar4x4(matriz, linhas=False)

^{Test the example on Repl.it}

Can also be applied to built-in function sum() to a list comprehension in nested iteration loop:

def somar4x4(m, linhas=False):
  for i in range(4):
    soma = sum([m[i][j] if linhas else m[j][i] for j in range(4)])
    print(f"A soma da {'linha' if linhas else 'coluna'} {i + 1} é {soma}")

matriz = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12,], [13, 14, 15, 16]]

somar4x4(matriz, True)
somar4x4(matriz, False)

^{Test the code on Repl.it}

Answer 2

To create a function that disappears or linhas or colunas, the function should receive a parameter indicating what it should add.

From there, a conditional chooses which parameters to add, as well as which texts to print:

def somar(colunas = False):
    soma = 0
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(4):
            if(colunas):
                soma = soma + matriz[j][i]
            else:
                soma = soma + matriz[i][j]
        if(colunas): 
            tipo = 'colunas'
            indice = j
        else:
            tipo = 'linhas'
            indice = i 
        print(f'A soma da {tipo} {indice+1} é {soma}') 
        soma = 0
    indice = 0

In this function, calling somar() (no parameters) or soma(False) (default) the sum of rows.

And the call somar(True) will sum the columns.