How to use objects in Django

Question

I have to create models based on the following UML:

I actually made the code of Experience that way:

class Experiencia(Base):
    ACADEMICA = 'AC'
    PROFISSIONAL = 'PR'
    TIPO_CHOICES = [
        (ACADEMICA, 'Acadêmica'),
        (PROFISSIONAL, 'Profissional'),
    ]
    candidato = models.ForeignKey(Candidato, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tipo = models.CharField(choices=TIPO_CHOICES, max_length=50)
    data_inicio = models.DateField()
    data_fim = models.DateField()
    observacao = models.TextField(max_length=400)

I am in doubt on how to place the objects of Academica and of Profissional in choices, because what you currently have are just the strings. The question to Tipo_curso, how to place it to be a Academica. And if there was any way to use polymorphism in that.

Answer 1

I prefer to use the form below as it gives a visual separation.

update

Libraries required

from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

end of update

class Experiencia(models.Model):
    class ExperienciaChoices(models.TextChoices):
        AC = 'AC', _('Acadêmica')
        PR = 'PR', _('Profissional')

    candidato = models.ForeignKey(Candidato, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    tipo = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=ExperienciaChoices.choices, default=ExperienciaChoices.AC)
    data_inicio = models.DateField()
    data_fim = models.DateField()
    observacao = models.TextField(max_length=400)

    objects = ExperienciaManager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.candidato

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['candidato']
        verbose_name_plural = 'candidatos'


class ExperienciaManager(models.Manager):
    def conta_experiencia(self, keyword):
        return self.filter(tipo__icontains=keyword).count()

Note Using the manager allows you to create methods that can be used with the objects as an example below

total_de_academica = Experiencia.objects.conta_experiencia(‘AC’) 

Note 2 Obviously I am not taking into account if this is a valid business rule for your case. Just showing the functionality.

I hope it helps