Inclusion x-axis name of months

Question

I am not able to change/include in the x-axis the information of months in the nominal format. Dice:

dt;AverageTemperature;Month;Year;media_tempMes;
1846-01-01;26.499;1;1846;25.5466;
1846-02-01;25.725;2;1846;25.7102;
1846-03-01;26.503;3;1846;25.8288;
1846-04-01;25.030;4;1846;25.8480;
1846-05-01;25.731;5;1846;26.2432;
1846-06-01;25.835;6;1846;25.9302;
1846-07-01;26.162;7;1846;26.0542;
1846-08-01;27.149;8;1846;27.4178;
1846-09-01;27.184;9;1846;28.4260;
1846-10-01;26.003;10;1846;27.2222;
1846-11-01;25.310;11;1846;26.0274;
1846-12-01;25.823;12;1846;26.2276;
1896-01-01;25.073;1;1896;25.5466;
1896-02-01;25.343;2;1896;25.7102;
1896-03-01;24.865;3;1896;25.8288;
1896-04-01;25.036;4;1896;25.8480;
1896-05-01;25.227;5;1896;26.2432;
1896-06-01;24.981;6;1896;25.9302;
1896-07-01;25.194;7;1896;26.0542;
1896-08-01;26.822;8;1896;27.4178;
1896-09-01;27.836;9;1896;28.4260;
1896-10-01;26.822;10;1896;27.2222;
1896-11-01;25.902;11;1896;26.0274;
1896-12-01;25.981;12;1896;26.2276;
1946-01-01;25.170;1;1946;25.5466;
1946-02-01;25.654;2;1946;25.7102;
1946-03-01;25.773;3;1946;25.8288;
1946-04-01;26.004;4;1946;25.8480;
1946-05-01;26.510;5;1946;26.2432;
1946-06-01;26.140;6;1946;25.9302;
1946-07-01;25.961;7;1946;26.0542;
1946-08-01;27.368;8;1946;27.4178;
1946-09-01;28.105;9;1946;28.4260;
1946-10-01;27.432;10;1946;27.2222;
1946-11-01;26.027;11;1946;26.0274;
1946-12-01;25.471;12;1946;26.2276;
1996-01-01;26.105;1;1996;25.5466;
1996-02-01;26.456;2;1996;25.7102;
1996-03-01;25.891;3;1996;25.8288;
1996-04-01;26.089;4;1996;25.8480;
1996-05-01;26.471;5;1996;26.2432;
1996-06-01;25.823;6;1996;25.9302;
1996-07-01;26.125;7;1996;26.0542;
1996-08-01;28.366;8;1996;27.4178;
1996-09-01;29.445;9;1996;28.4260;
1996-10-01;27.034;10;1996;27.2222;
1996-11-01;26.286;11;1996;26.0274;
1996-12-01;26.891;12;1996;26.2276;
2012-01-01;24.886;1;2012;25.5466;
2012-02-01;25.373;2;2012;25.7102;
2012-03-01;26.112;3;2012;25.8288;
2012-04-01;27.081;4;2012;25.8480;
2012-05-01;27.277;5;2012;26.2432;
2012-06-01;26.872;6;2012;25.9302;
2012-07-01;26.829;7;2012;26.0542;
2012-08-01;27.384;8;2012;27.4178;
2012-09-01;29.560;9;2012;28.4260;
2012-10-01;28.820;10;2012;27.2222;
2012-11-01;26.612;11;2012;26.0274;
2012-12-01;26.972;12;2012;26.2276;

building the Plot:

p_plm <- ggplot(palmas, aes(x = Month, y = AverageTemperature, color = as.factor(Year))) +
  geom_line(size = 2) +
  theme_light(base_size = 20) +
  xlab("Mês")+
  ylab("Temperatura Média") +
  #scale_x_discrete(labels=c("Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sept","Oct","Nov","Dec"))+
  scale_color_discrete("") +
  ggtitle("Temperatura ao longo dos anos") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 18))
p_plm

I get this result:

Apart from the scale_x_discrete # I cannot plot:

The "Month" attribute class is integer and the "dt" attribute is Posixct.

Some hint on how to put the name of the months?

Answer 1

First, confirm that all the packages below are installed on your machine:

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#> 
#>     filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#> 
#>     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(lubridate)
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'lubridate'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#> 
#>     date, intersect, setdiff, union
library(stringr)
library(scales)

Then let’s fool the R. I’ll get the column dt, that has the complete dates, and put them all in the year 2012. So, all months will be superimposed on the chart. Then I will use the function ymd (year, Month, day) to convert that column to a date format.

palmas <- palmas %>%
  mutate(dt = str_replace(dt, "^\\d{4}", "2012")) %>%
  mutate(dt = ymd(dt))

And that’s it. From there, the graph builds itself:

ggplot(palmas, aes(x = dt, y = AverageTemperature, color = as.factor(Year))) +
  geom_line(size = 2) +
  theme_light(base_size = 20) +
  xlab("Mês")+
  ylab("Temperatura Média") +
  scale_color_discrete("") +
  ggtitle("Temperatura ao longo dos anos") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 18)) +
  scale_x_date(date_breaks = "1 month", labels = date_format("%b"))

If the months on your computer are not in English, turn the command below so that your R get configured in that language.

Sys.setlocale(locale = "pt_BR")
#> [1] "pt_BR/pt_BR/pt_BR/C/pt_BR/en_US.UTF-8"