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I believe that every beginner has difficulties understanding the concept of a framework. I’m starting to study the Spring framework, within it there are several projects or modules, and within these projects there are sub projects. I can cite as an example the Spring Data, where within it we have the Spring Data JPA. Is it correct that I call the Spring Data and Spring Data JPA modules frameworks? Or not, they are simply modules of the famous Spring framework?
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Spring Data is an umbrella project (set of projects) that aggregates several projects related to data access, as described by official website:
Spring Data’s Mission is to provide a familiar and consistent, Spring-based Programming model for data access while still retaining the special traits of the underlying data store.
It makes it easy to use data access Technologies, Relational and non-relational Databases, map-reduce frameworks, and cloud-based data services. This is an Umbrella project which contains Many subprojects that are specific to a Given database. The Projects are developed by Working Together with Many of the Companies and Developers that are Behind These exciting Technologies.
Spring Data JPA is a project that aims to facilitate the creation of layers of access to data based on JPA.
As explained by the Piovezan, Spring Data JPA can be considered to be a framework. To use it, you create interfaces that customize the features provided.
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What characterizes a framework is the inversion of call control to functions customized by the programmer. If the function calls the framework, it is not a framework but a library. If on the other hand the programmer implements a customization so that it is called by the code of the framework (ie it implements the "Hooks" framework), so it is a framework itself.
– Piovezan
Related: What is the difference of API, library and Framework?
– hkotsubo