The pattern is receiving a string, and within strings the character \ must be escaped and written as \\. Then it would be:
Validators.pattern("\\(\\d{2}\\) \\d \\d{4}-\\d{4}")
Also, notice that space and hyphen don’t need the \ before, and the quantifier {1} is unnecessary because \d{1} is the same as \d.
I also took the parentheses around the expression, which don’t seem to make a difference here.
Another alternative is to use the literal syntax of regex, delimiting it by bars, so you don’t need to escape the \:
Validators.pattern(/^\(\d{2}\) \d \d{4}-\d{4}$/)
I included the markers ^ and $, which indicate the beginning and end of the string. In the first case, you do not need it because according to the documentation, when passing a string, these markers are automatically added.