Problem in Python3

Question

Hello, I’m (very) new to Python and would like to know what’s wrong with my simple code (to learn Python):

eleitores = (int(input('Digite o total de eleitores: ')))
c = 0
cand_a = 0
cand_b = 0
cand_c = 0
opcao = 0
print('''CANDIDATOS:
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO A DIGITE 1
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO B DIGITE 2
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO C DIGITE 3 ''')
while c < eleitores:
    while opcao == 1 or 2 or 3:
        c = c + 1
        opcao = int(input(f'Digite a opção do {c} eleitor: '))
        if opcao == 1:
            cand_a = cand_a + 1
        elif opcao == 2:
            cand_b = cand_b + 1
        elif opcao == 3:
            cand_c = cand_c + 1
    else:
         opcao = int(input('Comando inválido. Digite novamente: '))
else:
    print(f'O número de votos no candidato A foi de {cand_a} eleitores, '
         f'o número de votos no candidato B foi de {cand_b} eleitores e '
         f'o número de votos no candidato C foi de {cand_c} eleitores.')

The problem is that he keeps asking the option of my vote with the number of voters I enter, he keeps asking 'forever'. Keep in mind that I still don’t know how to use other Python functions besides if, for and while.

Answer 1

Error on line 12: You wrote while opcao == 1 or 2 or 3:. On that line you’re not saying "If option is 1, 2 or 3, do.", you’re saying "If option is 1, do it. If not, if 2, do it. If not, if 3, do it.".

The operator or will return True if one of the conditions is true (True). In Python, all numbers are treated as True except the 0 which is treated as False.

The first condition was perhaps not true, but the others would surely be because in the or 2 or 3, the conditions are separate and the numbers 2 and 3 alone are True. Soon the block while would never end. To fix this you have 2 options:

Option 1:

while opcao == 1 or opcao == 2 or opcao == 3:

Option 2: ( Not yet for you because you would need to learn about list and operator "in" )

while opcao in [1,2,3]:

Now following its objective, the question of the option would always repeat itself because the while repeats the code while a condition is true (True), that is, even if the option chosen by the user was the correct one (1,2,3), the code would repeat itself because the condition is opcao == 1 or opcao == 2 or opcao ==3.

In order that the code is not repeated if the user puts the correct option, you must change the comparison signal == for !=.

OTHER MISTAKES:

The else does not work with while. When you finish the block it goes straight to the line of the else. If you want to use it, you will have to put one if.

At the beginning of the code, you do not need to close the int with parentheses, although this does not generate any problem. It is better you do int(input('Digite o total de eleitores: '))

The program will never leave the first repeat ( first while ), because the condition c < eleitores will always be True, since the variable c cannot be changed as the condition of the second while (where the variable is changed) will be False.

CODE CORRECTED AND IMPROVED:

c = 0
opcao = 0
cand_a = 0
cand_b = 0
cand_c = 0

print('''CANDIDATOS:
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO A DIGITE 1
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO B DIGITE 2
PARA VOTAR NO CANDIDATO C DIGITE 3 ''')

while c < 3:
    while opcao != 1 and opcao != 2 and opcao != 3::
        c = c + 1
        opcao = int(input(f'\nDigite a opção do {c} eleitor: '))
        if opcao == 1:
            cand_a = cand_a + 1
        elif opcao == 2:
            cand_b = cand_b + 1
        elif opcao == 3:
            cand_c = cand_c + 1
        else:
            print("A opção que você digitou é inválida.")
    opcao = 0

print(f'\nO número de votos no candidato A foi de {cand_a} eleitores.')
print(f'O número de votos no candidato B foi de {cand_b} eleitores.')
print(f'O número de votos no candidato C foi de {cand_c} eleitores.')

Answer 2

From what I understand, you intend to develop a program for "contar" the number of votes of each of the candidatos.

One of the simplest ways to solve this question is by using the following algorithm...

print('=' * 50)
print(f'\033[34m{f"Eleição":^50}')
print()
print(f'{f"1 - Beltrano":^50}')
print(f'{f"2 - Fulano":^48}')
print(f'{f"3 - Sicrano":^50}\033[m')
print('=' * 50)

eleitores = int(input('Digite o total de eleitores: '))
cont1 = cont2 = cont3 = 0
for c in range(1, eleitores + 1):
    opcao = input(f'Digite a opção do {c}º eleitor: ').strip()
    while opcao not in '123':
        print('\033[31mValor INVÁLIDO! Digite apenas "1", "2" ou "3"!\033[m')
        opcao = input(f'Digite a opção do {c}º eleitor: ').strip()
    if opcao == '1':
        cont1 += 1
    elif opcao == '2':
        cont2 += 1
    elif opcao == '3':
        cont3 += 1

print(f'\033[32mQuantidade de votos de "Beltrano": {cont1}')
print(f'Quantidade de votos de "Fulano": {cont2}')
print(f'Quantidade de votos de "Sicrano": {cont3}\033[m')

You can check the operation of this program on repl it..

Note that this program receives the quantidade de eleitores, then captures the opção the votes of each of the voters, conta the number of votes of each candidate and then displays the soma of votes of each candidate.