If that’s all you do 
    var form = $('body div#contato section.contato');
    if ($(form).find('#nome').val() == '') {
        console.log(this);
    };
You’ll see that what the console returns is 

In other words, it returns the browser window itself, because the this is not the form nor the #nome. If you want Focus to go to the #nome put as below. 

var form = $('body div#contato section.contato');
if ($(form).find('#nome').val() == '') {
    alert('Preencha nome');
    $('#nome').focus();
};
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<div id="contato">
    <section class="contato">
        <input tipe="text" id="nome">
    </section>
</div>
 
 
							
							
						 
I had understood that, if I am inside an if, the if element would be this. But it makes sense not to be because it’s just a condition and we’re NOT modifying the element! I get it. Thank you!
– Carlos Rocha
@Carlosrocha yes o if, is a boolean function, normally it is Treu, but it can be False, qq way, this could not be the form or in the #name, so returns the window itself, even being within the condition
– hugocsl
Thank you very much.
– Carlos Rocha
@Carlosrocha no problem, young man! Whenever you have questions about these things, put a console.log(this) to see what is coming back, it helps you understand things, whenever you build a function you give a console.log to keep track of things. abs
– hugocsl