Doubt with Django 2.0 views and urls

Question

How best to do these functions in the views.py, or it has to be that way?

from django.shortcuts import render


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/index.html')

def cadastro(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/cadastro-clientes.html')

def contato(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/contato.html')

def sobre(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/quem-somos.html')

def novasenha(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/nova-senha.html')

def base(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/base.html')

def entenda(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/entenda.html')



Quanto a urls.py, também seria a melhor forma deixar meu código da seguinte forma.

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from contas.views import index, cadastro, contato, sobre, novasenha, base, entenda
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', index),
    path('cadastro/', cadastro, name='cadastrar'),
    path('contato/', contato, name='contato'),
    path('sobre/', sobre, name='sobre'),
    path('novasenha/', novasenha, name='novasenha'),
    path('entenda/', entenda, name='entenda'),
    path('', base, name='base')


]

Answer 1

From what I understand, after your comment, you just want to make the code more elegant in the file urls.py.

Instead of:

...
from contas.views import index, cadastro, contato, sobre, novasenha, base, entenda
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', index),
    path('cadastro/', cadastro, name='cadastrar'),
    path('contato/', contato, name='contato'),
    path('sobre/', sobre, name='sobre'),
    ...
]

You can only import the module file views and use it with namespace in the declaration:

...
from django.urls import path
from contas import views

urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('', index),
        path('cadastro/', views.cadastro, name='cadastrar'),
        path('contato/', views.contato, name='contato'),
        path('sobre/', views.sobre, name='sobre'),
        ...
    ]

And that would be recommended.

If you really prefer, there is no magic, url_patterns are a normalizinho Python object - a list of objects of type "path" where the first parameter is the desired url pattern, the second object that will be the view itself (which can be a function, a class or another chargeable object)and the third, a name for the view. That is: you can generate this list programmatically from the introspection of the "views" module - instead of declaring all static in the file. It’s a case where in general "explicit" is better than implicit - but it might save you having to edit one more file every time you create a new view - in which case, the code might be something like:

from contas import views

urlpatterns = [
   path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
   path('', index),
]

for name, obj in views.__dict__.items():
    if callable(obj):
        urlpatterns.append(path(f"{name}/", obj, name)

With this code, all functions in your "views" file will have an automatically generated URL.

Note that while this is a rather dangerous practice, since it does not distinguish functions that you may not want to use as views, and etc..., the technique allows you to realize how simple it is to do something in Django to be used as a "decorator for views", as is done in other frameworks, like Flask.

In this case, it can be a very simple decorator, who does not "envelop" the decorated function, just adds to it the desired data:

def autoview(path=None, name=None):
    def decorate(func):
         # acrescenta o atributo "autoview" na função, 
         # que é um objeto Python normal:

         func.autoview = {
             "path": path or f"{func.__name__}/",
             "name": name or func.__name__
         }
         return func
    return decorate

Dai you can write your views file in this style:

from utils import autoview
...

@autoview(name="cadastrar")
def cadastro(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/cadastro-clientes.html')

@autoview()
def contato(request):
    return render(request, 'contas/contato.html')

And in.py urls, a variant of the above suggestion, to use ". autoview":

for name, obj in views.__dict__.items():
    if hasattr(object, "autoview"):
        urlpatterns.append(path(obj.autoview["path"], obj, obj.autoview["name"])