Error searching string inside another python string

Question

I’m running some tests and the code seems to be correct logically, but when I use an example, "what day is it today?" as self.phrase it only returns me the first if (of the hours), if I put as self.phrase = "What day of the week is today?" the same mistake happens, where I’m missing?

def about_time(self):
    temp_atual = datetime.datetime.now()
    if 'são' or 'sao' in self.frase:
        print("Agora são " + str(temp_atual.hour) + " horas, " + str(temp_atual.minute) + " minutos e " + str(temp_atual.second) + " segundos.")
    elif 'dia' and 'hoje' in self.frase:
        print("Hoje é dia " + str(temp_atual.day) + "/" + str(temp_atual.month) + "/" + str(temp_atual.year))
    elif 'dia da semana' in self.frase:
        dia = temp_atual.isoweekday()
        if dia == 1:
            dia = "segunda-feira"
        if dia == 2:
            dia = "terça-feira"
        if dia == 3:
            dia = "quarta-feira"
        if dia == 4:
            dia = "quinta-feira"
        if dia == 5:
            dia = "sexta-feira"
        if dia == 6:
            dia = "sábado"
        if dia == 7:
            dia = "domingo"
        print("Hoje é " + dia)

Answer 1

Your ifs are incorrect, and and or are logical operators, they are not part of the in, so this is wrong:

if 'são' or 'sao' in self.frase

Should be:

if 'são' in self.frase or 'sao' in self.frase

This too is wrong

if 'dia' and 'hoje' in self.frase:

should be

if 'dia' in self.frase and 'hoje' in self.frase:

Each or or and separate instructions for logical operations, meaning they do not work within the in, but yes "backwards", so the use is this:

if <instrução> or <outra instrução>:

In each of these instructions you can use ==, !=, is, is not, but they are instructions to the part, so in its first if It’s like I’m doing this:

if ('são') or ('sao' in self.frase)

Checks first if 'são' if you failed to check 'sao' in self.frase, as 'são' always passes in the if, then even if the phrase was different it would come in anyway, because 'são' was not being compared to anything.

Answer 2

I gave a little refactoring in your code:

def about_time(self):
    temp_atual = datetime.datetime.now()
    if any(_ in self.frase for _ in ('sao', 'são')):
        print(temp_atual.strftime("Agora são %H horas, %M minutos e %S segundos."))
    elif 'dia' in self.frase:
      if 'hoje' in self.frase:
        print(temp_atual.strftime("Hoje é dia %d/%m/%Y"))
      elif 'semana' in self.frase:
        dia = [None, 'segunda-feira', 'terça-feira',
        'quarta-feira', 'quinta-feira', 'sexta-feira',
        'sábado', 'domingo'][temp_atual.isoweekday()]
        print("Hoje é " + dia)

Since isoweekday() returns a value between 1 and 7, put a None in the list at index 0, but, could be anything... Then we access the list of days by the index (1 to 7, remember?), which could also be written as a dictionary:

dia = {i: dia for i, dia in enumerate(['segunda-feira', 'terça-feira',
                                       'quarta-feira', 'quinta-feira', 
                                       'sexta-feira', 'sábado', 'domingo'], start=1)}.get(temp_atual.isoweekday())

any one of these forms saves us from that giant block of ifs/elifs.

I also recommend a look at the method strftime() of the object datetime, makes it easier to handle strings and dates.

Edit: Adding the Function Explanation any() at the request of the PO

The function any() receives an eternal and returns True if any element of that eternal being equivalent to True, in the case:

(_ in self.frase for _ in ('sao', 'são'))
# é parecido a:
compares = []
for palavra in ('sao', 'são'):
  if palavra == self.frase:
    compares.append(True)
  else:
    compares.append(False)

the eternal would be a generator of 2 elements ('sao', 'são') compared against self.frase, if we consider self.frase = 'teste' the generator would look like: (False, False) since none of the two words is equal to self.frase, and how none of the elements is equal to True, we do not enter the if.

There is also a similar function, all(), the difference being that all() only returns True if all elements were equivalents to True.

Answer 3

    import datetime

def about_time(message):
    temp_atual = datetime.datetime.now()
    if 'são' or 'sao' in message:
        print("Agora são " + str(temp_atual.hour) + " horas, " + str(temp_atual.minute) + " minutos e " + str(temp_atual.second) + " segundos.")
        if 'dia' and 'hoje' in message:
            print("Hoje é dia " + str(temp_atual.day) + "/" + str(temp_atual.month) + "/" + str(temp_atual.year))
            if 'dia da semana' in message:
                dia = temp_atual.isoweekday()
                if dia == 1:
                    dia = "segunda-feira"
                if dia == 2:
                    dia = "terça-feira"
                if dia == 3:
                    dia = "quarta-feira"
                if dia == 4:
                    dia = "quinta-feira"
                if dia == 5:
                    dia = "sexta-feira"
                if dia == 6:
                    dia = "sábado"
                if dia == 7:
                    dia = "domingo"
                print("Hoje é " + dia)
about_time('Que dia é hoje?')

OUTPUT:

Agora são 0 horas, 18 minutos e 45 segundos.
Hoje é dia 9/7/2018