Daniel what’s happening is this.
powerBI data/dashboards can be worked in two different formats.
The first is the DESKTOP
In it you work with the application installed on your PC
The second is the ONLINE
You manipulate the data here via the web, without requiring any prior installation on your PC.
In your case you created your chart on DESKTOP, and linked some data from your SQL. After doing this you published the file, and at that time both your chart and your data (which are inside the powerBI file itself) went to the cloud, and became available for ONLINE access.
It turns out that when you click 'UPDATE' in the Desktop app it updates the file on your machine and not on the web. That is, to update both the chart and the data you want will be required again 'PUBLISH' the file ( thus overwriting the previous one).
To not have to publish again every time you update something Windows may use an item called 'Data Gateway''
Here is a link explaining this question:
Data Gateway
Should Voce create a new report as this data remains old, or is it updated? And what version of Powerbi? In the free version there are some limitations to update the information
– Clayton Tosatti
When I create a new one, the data is updated! It’s the free, student version.
– Daniel Godinho