You can use the lookup method. It receives an id and returns a Node. But to use it you will need to set an id in the Labels.
Example:
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        try {
            GridPane gridPane = new GridPane();
            Label a1 = new Label("a1");
            a1.setId("a1");
            Label a2 = new Label("a2");
            a2.setId("a2");
            Label b1 = new Label("b1");
            b1.setId("b1");
            Label b2 = new Label("b2");
            b2.setId("b2");
            gridPane.add(a1, 0, 0);
            gridPane.add(a2, 1, 0);
            gridPane.add(b1, 0, 1);
            gridPane.add(b2, 1, 1);
            ((Label)gridPane.lookup("#a2")).setText("texto");
            Scene scene = new Scene(gridPane,400,400);
            primaryStage.setScene(scene);
            primaryStage.show();
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
							
							
						 
Needs to be
Labelin aGridPane? You may not use aTableViewand change the appearance of it with CSS? So much simpler to manipulate data.– Renan Gomes