Performance in somatic database

Question

I have a system in development but are already using in beta, this system has as specific focus:

'control 100% of shares, action by action, without losing any history how it was and how it is now'

With that I ended up falling into a problem called:

Giant database in short time of use.

This does not hinder the performance of the operating user, because the system has the mirror with the current state and works based on it, but weighs in the performance of administrators users to check anything he wants.

Data example:

ID    | COD          | DATETIME            |ACT                                       |USER_RELACIONATED                  | OBJECT_RELACIONATED | SECTOR                      |  SPEC
13869 |59d2677049ed6 | 2017-10-02 13:21:04 |NULL|TO|12094190345951120286cf02.53535322 | 12094190345951120286cf02.53535322 | 59ca9dbd11ee4       | contabil_control_obligation | deal_responsible

The use of beta is more or less a month, and I already have 13896 records only in the historical sector of the control of accounting obligations( I currently have 9 sectors), total of +- 90 thousand records.

The database is divided into two partitions the mirror, which is what is displayed the user, and somatic, which where is stored the action-by-action situations, I took all the precautions I knew to format correctly, define the data types, define indices, but the problem is in the size of that bank.

I’ve never worked with a bank that would weigh so much, the doubt I’m having is as follows:

1 - What are the most widely applied concepts in large databases ?

2 - What are the lightest data formats that can be used for the fields ?

3 - Triggers and direct relationships will hinder my performance when I am using the table without relations and without activating Trigger ?

PS: It’s going to get really big, forecast of almost 1M of annual records only in the history, and only with what is currently functional in the beta version, it’s supposed to be anyway, the focus is this, but I want to improve the consumption/occupation of this somehow.

PS2: Swapping BD is an option.