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I searched a lot on the subject, I read about the front-end story, like the beginning of the Javascript® (Mozilla/Netscape), but I was really curious about the back-end and I really can’t find anything clear, even on Wikipedia.
Today we have several languages or technologies that incorporate HTTP control (request and response), however I would like to know what(s) were the first(s)) "language(ens)" or "technology(s)" to be (in) used(s) in the back-end of web pages?
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When the Internet became user-friendly (user-friendly) in the 1990s, there was no such thing as the back-end. The Internet of the time contained basic forms of HTML code, which were accessed by a computer that made the (often slow) connection to the server where the site was hosted. (Internet dial-up)
An Internet made of basic HTML meant that users could only view static pages, as they were built, unlike today, where pages are populated by dynamic content. There was no possibility to visit sites with custom HTML output.
Fortunately, the years 93 and 94 brought with them the CGI (Common Gateway Interface), allowing browsers to interact directly with servers, executing requests in real time, working information dynamically.
Of course, orders require background processing and running multiple applications. This is why the current back-end development is so important. Unlike front-end development, which is responsible for everything the user sees, back-end development allows database management and server processing to take place behind the scenes, away from the eyes of users, but that are essential for the interaction between the various levels of information present on the site.
Historically, CGI scripts were often written using c language. RFC3875 partially define CGI using C.
A CGI program can be written in almost all programming languages as long as it can read the input data stream, process strings (strings), record over the standard output stream and is executable or can be interpreted by the web server.
The most widely used programming languages for CGI recording are the Perl language, particularly adapted to the manipulation of strings, C++ languages and the Java language.
Source (Does not cover all)
The most commonly used languages together with CGI:
This is what happens in the "back" part of the application. In general terms, the implementation of the business rule, operation and everything else.
With this we have the famous back-end developer, this developer, when focused, does not touch the visual part of the application. By dealing with the business rule, sometimes a systems programmer, such as from commercial and even scientific applications, can be called a back-end developer.
When we talk about back-end in web development, we encounter several languages, each has advantages and disadvantages in relation to the use in web development, as well as in the labor market.
Some Back-end Languages currently:
Curiosities:
You can follow the ranking of the most used languages (Front and Back) in https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/
Bibliographical references:
I found the answer very interesting, but I lost something or it doesn’t answer "What is the first programming language used for dynamic pages?"?
@bigown made an improvement on the excerpt "What is the programming language of CGI"
You deserve an internet (and a reward).
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Quick response: a combination of C, Perl and Shell script.
Long answer:
It is difficult to specify the beginning of the generation of dynamic pages because the term only makes sense after the internet spread and such pages became relevant. However, it is known that even before CGI, and even HTML, there was already the generation of dynamic content in TBBS networks.
With the advent of the internet, was created the standard CGI (Common Gateway Interface / Standard Input Interface) which aimed to be the communication port between the server and the client. How CGI scripts were usually written in C, this language was used in conjunction with Perl and Shell Script, for processing on the server side.
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I can almost guarantee it was C, but it’s by pure analysis, not by information I know. If the HTTP server that first implemented CGI that allowed creating dynamic pages was written in C, at least to test must have been used the same language. In fact I do not know if this has relevance, or if it can be answered, even because it is not known even when the web was created, depending on the criteria is 1989, 1990 or 1993. Even if you know the first one, what that helps?
– Maniero
@Sorry mustache, I read it wrong. I only asked the question for the sake of having on the site, in general I already "knew" (if I am correct) that CGI was one of the first to be implemented for this, is the same kind of question that some ask here, more out of curiosity than for utility.
– Guilherme Nascimento
CGI is not language. The point is not to be curious or not. It is that knowing which was the first language used is useless. It doesn’t have this written down anywhere on the web because no one needs to know about it. It will not inform better, it will not end with a blind good practice, it will not make anyone use something better, it will not give a foundation, it will not help to understand why we use something in a certain way.
– Maniero
@bigown got it, I wrote one thing on the question body and another on the title -.- ... fail, an instant. Corrected to match the one written on the body. If useful? I’m sure not, as well as many other questions, but if you find it necessary I vote to close, maybe off-topic.
– Guilherme Nascimento
@bigown This information may not have immediate practical use, but it is a question about technology history. We never discussed it at the goal, but I think it’s valid. I know it can be controversial.
– bfavaretto
@bfavaretto if it were about history itself, the information would be available. As is what was the first language. Does it matter, does it have important consequences in evolution? It is only history that is relevant. Just because it happened is not history.
– Maniero
Vixe @bigown best not to argue here about the concept of history hehehe.
– bfavaretto