Yes, it is possible to do this in C. It is possible to do it in any programming language that accepts calling external code in some way. Normally you will use some library that does this. It is possible to use a library only for one of these platforms mentioned in the question or one that works at all. It is possible to use a lower level or one with more abstractions.
Has a question that cites some libraries not specific to plotting, but which can be used for this as well. Some have specific components for plotting.
Some people prefer something more specific, like the SDL. Or at a lower level Directx only for Windows or Opengl (cross-Platform).
Maybe I like something even more specific like Gnuplot.
But only make a decision after knowing all enough. All have advantages and disadvantages and better meets every need.
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– Maniero