What does this instruction do?

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while($row = $result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))

I am following a php tutorial that uses this instruction someone can explain me what it does?

php

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Returns a database row as an associative array and assigns to $row, recalling that the fetch() and then the assignment. 

while($row = $result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))
           2            1        3

1 - The method fetch() returns a row from the database or false if there are no more records, what makes the while stop.

2 - The assignment of fetch() in a variable.

3 - Definition of the type returning, in this case it is an associative array(key/value), it can be an object, numeric array etc, see the other types in documentation

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