In your case use the Parent to select the tr father of tdthat was clicked, after accessing the tr use the function find to select the td's daughters and use selector :Nth-Child() to select each column of the selected row.
$('#tableTime tr td').click(function() {
var content = $(this).parent().find(':nth-child(1)').text();
$("#descricaoAgenda").val(content);
});
Tip: You can use the click event directly in the table row $('table tr').on('click', callback), this way, you will not need to use the parent().
See the example changed by tip, without using the parent
$('table tr').on('click', function() {
var content1 = $(this).find(':nth-child(1)').text();
var content2 = $(this).find(':nth-child(2)').text();
$("#txtResultado1").val(content1);
$("#txtResultado2").val(content2);
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type="text" id="txtResultado1" />
<input type="text" id="txtResultado2" />
Fernando, so there is no confusion in the understanding of your question, I suggest you post also your HTML and try to describe in more detail what you are trying to do. :)
– Pedro Camara Junior
It had put the wrong answer, but if you have mounted your html at runtime here you can get a sense of how to do it. http://answall.com/questions/65204/criar-um-link-que-ao-ser-clicado-pego-o-seu-texto/65209#65209
– Marconi
put the html
– Fernando Fefu