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For you to put the label next to the input you have to use the form tag this way <form class="form-horizontal"> this is the model of the official documentation.
Documentation of .form-horizontal: https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.3/css/#Forms-horizontal
See the example with your code using the official BS3 standard
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<footer>
        <div class="container col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" id="contatos" style="margin-top: 60px">
            <div class="text-center">
                <h2>ENTRE EM CONTATO</h2>
            </div>
        
            <div class="row" id="infos">
                <div class="col-xs-12" id="formulario">
                    <form class="form-horizontal">
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label class="col-xs-2 control-label">Nome: </label>
                            <div class="col-xs-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="nome" placeholder="Digite seu Nome">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label class="col-xs-2 control-label">Assunto: </label>
                            <div class="col-xs-10">
                                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="assunto" placeholder="Digite o assunto">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </footer>
Try to post the code in text form so we can analyze it.
– brnTwp