Switching from 16 to 64 bits while booting an Intel PC compatible

Question

Some time ago I studied to create a draft operating system for Intel PC compatible computers, which actually didn’t need to do much, besides putting the computer in 32-bit mode, handle keyboard interruptions, and (at the time) serial ports.

My procedure at the time was this (it worked very well):

    cli
    cld

    ;habilita o gate A20, liberando acesso a mais de 1MB
_A20_1:
    in al, 064h
    test al, 2
    jnz _A20_1
    mov al, 0D1h
    out 064h, al
_A20_2:
    in al, 064h
    test al, 2
    jnz _A20_2
    mov al, 0DFh
    out 060h, al

    ;calcula e preenche a IDT e a GDT
    ;...

    db 066h
    lgdt [GDT]
    db 066h
    lidt [IDT]

    ;liga o bit do modo protegido
    smsw ax
    or ax,1
    lmsw ax

    ;jmp next
    ;next:
    db 0ebh
    db 000h
    ;entra em modo 32 bits
    ;PCODE_ADDR contém o endereço do label _32BIT
    ;jmp fword ptr PCODE_ADDR
    db 066h
    db 0ffh
    db 02eh
    dw PCODE_ADDR

_32BIT:
    ;daqui em diante tudo está em 32 bits
    ;...

PCODE_ADDR:
    dd _32BIT ;endereço linear usado para o JUMP
    dw 08h ;seletor usado para o JUMP

My question is: how do I do a similar procedure, but to put the computer in 64 bit mode, starting from 16 bit mode?

I know Linux is open source, but the code is big, and I don’t have much experience with it. If the answer involves the Linux source code, I would ask, please, to indicate the version, the file and the corresponding lines.

Answer 1

Getting into Long Mode is not so simple, I suggest starting with these pages:

Introducing: http://wiki.osdev.org/X86-64

Traditional way: http://wiki.osdev.org/User:Stephanvanschaik/Setting_Up_Long_Mode

Direct mode: http://wiki.osdev.org/Entering_Long_Mode_Directly