What is "logic"

Logic (λογική logos) has two main meanings: it discusses the use of reasoning in some activity and it is the normative, philosophical study of valid reasoning. In the second sense, logic is discussed primarily in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, and computer science. Both senses are based on the common focus regarding the harmony of reasoning, the formal proportionality between arguments, thus the correct and balanced relationship between all terms, the total agreement between each of them within a development.

The meaning of logic programming is to bring the style of mathematical logic to computer programming. To say that a problem needs a solution often amounts to asking whether a new hypothesis is consistent with or is a consequence of an existing theory. Logic provides a way to demonstrate whether a question is true or false.