What is "drupal"
Drupal is a modular framework and content management system (CMS) written in PHP. Drupal lets you create and organize content, manipulate appearance, automate administrative tasks, and set permissions and roles for users and contributors.
To be developed in php, Drupal is operating system independent. However, it requires a server http PHP compatible, such as Server apache and a database server such as the mysql, recommended for its operation.
Drupal is commonly described as a Content Management Framework, as well as offering the basic functionalities of a cms it also implements a number of robust Apis and features a modular structure that facilitates the development of extensive modules.
The Drupal is so friendly and extensive, that in articles and pallets is used the term "Lego analogy" in reference to the famous toy of fitting pieces.
Two modules well known and loved by the community are the module Views, that through a graphical interface allows the construction of reports, and the module CCK (Content Building Kit), which allows you to develop forms with various types of fields. Both modules are currently included in the core of current versions.
This feature is so striking that the developer community is quite expressive.