What is "8bit-microcontrollers"

A microcontroller can be generically understood to be a microprocessor encapsulated together with some peripherals and other devices. All in one "chip".

The same "family" of microcontrollers usually has the same instruction set RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), in various package sizes, to meet the widest possible range of projects.

All microcontrollers have an internal microprocessor (with ALU, Registers, Accumulator, Program Counter, Stack Pointer, Flags, etc).

An 8-bit microcontroller has the ability to read 8-bit (fetch) instructions on each machine cycle, although it can address memory in quantities greater than 8 bits.

They may also, according to the manufacturer’s proposal:

• Internal memory for rewritable programs (ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash, etc);
• Internal memory for data;
• Configurable Input/Output ports, can be manipulated bit by bit or together, giving ample access to the external world;
• Analog Analog (AD) and Analog Digital Converters (DA);
• Internal timers and counters;
• Entries for external interrupt;
• Internal interruptions, including for "power down control";
• "Watchdog timer", etc.

Microcontrollers use one of the Havard or Von Neumann architectures or utilize variations of these architectures.